Definition: Let C∙∈C(A) be a cochain complex with boundary maps d∙ over some category A. A filtration of C∙ is a sequence of objects FnC∙ with boundary maps d∙,nh in the category of cochain complexes C(A) of A, either a
decreasing filtration C∙⊇⋯⊇Fn−1C∙⊇FnC∙⊇Fn+1C∙⊇⋯ or increasing filtration C∙⊇⋯⊇Fn+1C∙⊇FnC∙⊇Fn−1C∙⊇⋯,
where ``⊇" is defined as necessary, along with maps d∙,nv:FnC∙→Fn±1C∙. These maps are compatible, in the sense that dk±1,nvdk,nh=dk,n∓1hdk,nv.
Example: Define ``⊇" as X⊇Y iff Hom(Y,X) is non-empty. The bete (or brutal) filtration of C∙ is a decreasing filtration
(FnC∙)i={0 if i<n,Ci if i⩾n,withHk(FnC∙)={0 if k<nZn if k=n,Hk(C∙) if k>n.
This filtration may be represented by the diagram
which clearly commutes. The good filtration of C∙ is also a decreasing filtration
(FnC∙)i={Ci if i<n,ZiC∙ if i=n,0 if i>n,withHk(FnC∙)={Hk(C∙) if k⩽n,0 if k>n.
This filtration may be represented by the diagram
which also commutes. Both of these are also called truncations. The good filtration is "better" because the cocycle groups Zn do not appear in the cohomology groups. The same may be done for homology groups.
Definition: Set FnCk=(FnC∙)k=FnC∙∩Ck, and let the zeroth page of the cohomology spectral sequence of C∙ with the filtration F be given by
Ep,q0=FpCp+q/Fp+1Cp+q if F is decreasing,=FpCp+q/Fp−1Cp+q if F is increasing.
Let the first page of the cohomology spectral sequence of C∙ with the filtration F be given by
Ep,q1=Hp+q(FpC∙/Fp+1C∙) if F is decreasing,=Hp+q(FpC∙/Fp−1C∙) if F is increasing.
From now on, assume that F is an increasing filtration. Let the second page of the cohomology spectral sequence of C∙ with the filtration F be given by
Ep,q2=ker(Ep,q1→Ep+1,q1)im(Ep−1,q1→Ep,q1).
Continue in this manner and let the rth page of the cohomology spectral sequence of C∙ with the filtration F be given by
Ep,qr={x∈FpCp+q : dx∈Fp+rCp+q+1}Fp+1Cp+q+dFp−r+1Cp+q−1.
The same may be done for a homology spectral sequence. Note that a spectral sequence may also be defined without coming from a filtration.
Definition: A homology spectral sequence is a collection of objects Erp,q and maps drp,q:Erp,q→Erp−r,q+r−1 with drdr=0 such that
Er+1p,q≅ker(drp,q)/im(drp+r,q−r+1).
Similarly, a cohomology spectral sequence is a collection of objects Ep,qr and maps dp,qr:Ep,qr→Ep+r,q−r+1r with drdr=0 such that
Ep,qr+1≅ker(dp,qr)/im(dp−r,q+r−1r).
References: Weibel (An introduction to homological algebra, Chapter 1.2), McCleary (A user's guide to spectral sequences, Chapter 2.2), Hutchings (Algebraic topology lecture notes, see math.berkeley.edu/~hutching/teach/215b-2011)
decreasing filtration C∙⊇⋯⊇Fn−1C∙⊇FnC∙⊇Fn+1C∙⊇⋯ or increasing filtration C∙⊇⋯⊇Fn+1C∙⊇FnC∙⊇Fn−1C∙⊇⋯,
where ``⊇" is defined as necessary, along with maps d∙,nv:FnC∙→Fn±1C∙. These maps are compatible, in the sense that dk±1,nvdk,nh=dk,n∓1hdk,nv.
Example: Define ``⊇" as X⊇Y iff Hom(Y,X) is non-empty. The bete (or brutal) filtration of C∙ is a decreasing filtration
(FnC∙)i={0 if i<n,Ci if i⩾n,withHk(FnC∙)={0 if k<nZn if k=n,Hk(C∙) if k>n.
This filtration may be represented by the diagram
which clearly commutes. The good filtration of C∙ is also a decreasing filtration
(FnC∙)i={Ci if i<n,ZiC∙ if i=n,0 if i>n,withHk(FnC∙)={Hk(C∙) if k⩽n,0 if k>n.
This filtration may be represented by the diagram
which also commutes. Both of these are also called truncations. The good filtration is "better" because the cocycle groups Zn do not appear in the cohomology groups. The same may be done for homology groups.
Definition: Set FnCk=(FnC∙)k=FnC∙∩Ck, and let the zeroth page of the cohomology spectral sequence of C∙ with the filtration F be given by
Ep,q0=FpCp+q/Fp+1Cp+q if F is decreasing,=FpCp+q/Fp−1Cp+q if F is increasing.
Let the first page of the cohomology spectral sequence of C∙ with the filtration F be given by
Ep,q1=Hp+q(FpC∙/Fp+1C∙) if F is decreasing,=Hp+q(FpC∙/Fp−1C∙) if F is increasing.
From now on, assume that F is an increasing filtration. Let the second page of the cohomology spectral sequence of C∙ with the filtration F be given by
Ep,q2=ker(Ep,q1→Ep+1,q1)im(Ep−1,q1→Ep,q1).
Continue in this manner and let the rth page of the cohomology spectral sequence of C∙ with the filtration F be given by
Ep,qr={x∈FpCp+q : dx∈Fp+rCp+q+1}Fp+1Cp+q+dFp−r+1Cp+q−1.
The same may be done for a homology spectral sequence. Note that a spectral sequence may also be defined without coming from a filtration.
Definition: A homology spectral sequence is a collection of objects Erp,q and maps drp,q:Erp,q→Erp−r,q+r−1 with drdr=0 such that
Er+1p,q≅ker(drp,q)/im(drp+r,q−r+1).
Similarly, a cohomology spectral sequence is a collection of objects Ep,qr and maps dp,qr:Ep,qr→Ep+r,q−r+1r with drdr=0 such that
Ep,qr+1≅ker(dp,qr)/im(dp−r,q+r−1r).
References: Weibel (An introduction to homological algebra, Chapter 1.2), McCleary (A user's guide to spectral sequences, Chapter 2.2), Hutchings (Algebraic topology lecture notes, see math.berkeley.edu/~hutching/teach/215b-2011)
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